American Cotton


Cotton has been grown in the Americas for thousands of years.  It was grown in South America, Mexico and the Southwestern US.  The Ancient Puebloans grew, spun, and wove cotton thread into beautiful complex textiles worn in ceremonial life and for special occasions. 

Embroidery was a common design technique among the cotton weavings produced by the Anasazi between 800 and 1300 AD. This Jemez shirt is a tour de force of embroidery. It reveals a strong Meso-American influence, particularly in the areas where the cotton foundation comes through the red and brown embroidery. The red blocks running along the shoulders and waist of the shirt are stylized tobacco leaves. The presence of stars and tobacco gave the owner of this garment the opportunity to be simultaneously clothed in the earth and the sky. - Joshua Baer

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HANO AND WALPI GIRLS WEARING AROO

 Photo by E. S. Curtis

 

Five millennnia ago early farming societies in the America selected, domesticated and improved two local species of cotton: Gossypium hirsitum and Gossypium barbadense. The former was cultivated in northen Central America and the Caribbean, the later  -  famous for having the longest, finest fibers of all cottons- in western South America.

Despite its extensive use from Oaxaca down through the Andes, there are no records of naturally pigmented cotton found in prehistoric sites north of Mexico. If it was introduced through trade or even cultivated locally, the records have disappeared or the pigments have weathered. The well known "Hopi" cotton  (G. hisrsitum, variety punctatum) of the Southwest is actually white or off-white, although it is possible that chemical degradation could have occurred in the surviving samples.

 By James M. Vreeland, Jr.: PAKUCHO@terra.com.pe

Web site: http://www.interplace.com.pe/pakucho.htm