Evolution of Modern Humans: Credits

Credits

Tutorial Menu:

1.    Two photos of people from around the world and two photos of apes

reproduced with permission from Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Canada

Homo heidelbergensis:

1.    Photo of a reconstruction of an adult male Homo heidelbergensis

reproduced with permission under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.0. Photo produced by Jose Luis Martinez Alvarez. Source of photo Wikipedia.

2. Family tree of archaic and modern humans

produced by Dennis O'Neil

3. Photo of the side view of a Homo heidelbergensis skull from Petralona Cave, Greece

reproduced with permission under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License by the Free Software Foundation.

4. Photo of the excavations in inside Arago Cave, France

reproduced with permission under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0. Source of photo Wikipedia Commons.

Neandertals:

1.     Drawing of Neandertal hunters

from an unknown source (see note)

2. Map of likely ultimate geographic range of Neandertals

produced by Dennis O'Neil

3. Photo of Johann Karl Fuhlrott

public domain (image modified by Dennis O'Neil)

4. Photo of Marcellin Boule

from Marcellin Boule, Fossil Men: Elements of Human Paleontology, 2nd ed. (1923)

5. Photo of a diorama of Neandertals in an American Museum during the 1930's reflecting the misconception reinforced by Marcellin Boule's description of them as dull-witted, brutish, ape-like creatures

reproduced with permission from The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois (The Field Museum negative numbers CSA66706, CSA66834, and CSA66700)

6. Photos of the skull of la Chapelle-aux-Saints Man (front and side views)

from Marcellin Boule, L'Homme Fossile de la Chapelle-aux-Saints (1911)

7.    Photos of Neandertal and modern human skulls shown next to each other for comparison

produced by Dennis O'Neil

8. Photo of a realistic model of a Neandertal man with pale skin and red hair (reconstruction based on a skull from La Ferrassie, France)

reproduced under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 License (Wikipedia) (photo by V. Mourre)

9. Graph Comparison of the development of bipedalism and the later increased brain size in hominid evolution over the last 5 million years

produced by Dennis O'Neil

10. Photo of the reconstruction of the Gibraltar 2 Neandertal child based on skeletal material found at Devil's Tower

public domain (source of photo: Wikipedia)

Archaic Human Culture:

1.    Table showing the time frame of evolution for the different human species, tool making traditions, and stages of the Paleolithic

produced by Dennis O'Neil

2. Photo of a diorama showing a Neandertal man using percussion flaking to shape a Mousterian hand ax

reproduced with permission under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License by the Free Software Foundation. Photo was made in the Neanderthal-museum, by Thomas Ihle (18 July 2004).

3. Drawing of the Levallois flake making technique

produced by Dennis O'Neil

4. Photo of a Mousterian Tradition flake scraper

produced by Dennis O'Neil

5. Photo of a Mousterian Tradition spear point

produced by Dennis O'Neil

6. Drawing of a Mousterian hand ax

from Sir John Lubbock, Prehistoric Times, 6th ed. (1904)

7. Drawing of a Mousterian Tradition awl

produced by Dennis O'Neil

8. Drawing of the major speech centers in the brain

reproduced with permission from Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Canada (enhanced by Dennis O'Neil)

9. Drawing of a reconstruction of a possible dwelling at Terra Amata, France

from an unknown source   (see note)

Early Modern Homo sapiens:

1.    Photo of Neandertal and modern human skulls shown together for comparison with differences in foreheads, brow ridges, and chins highlighted

produced by Dennis O'Neil

2. Drawing of the replacement and continuity models

produced by Dennis O'Neil

3. Homo sapiens Versus Neandertals--video clip from Teachers' Domain (copyright 2007 WGBH Educational Foundation)

reproduced with permission from Teachers' Domain

4. Svante Paabo: DNA Clues to Our Inner Neandertal--video clip from TED talk (July 2011)

produced by TED Conferences, LLC

Early Modern Human Culture:

1.   Drawing of a spear thrower

from Edward B. Tylor, Anthropology: An Introduction to the Study of Man and Civilization (1904) (enhanced by Dennis O'Neil)

2. Photos of European Upper Paleolithic tools made from blade flakes

produced by Dennis O'Neil

3. Drawing of punch flaking

produced by Dennis O'Neil

4. Photo of blade flakes and the "spent" core from which they came

reproduced with permission granted under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2; source: Wikimedia Commons

5. Drawing of the pressure flaking technique

public domain in the United States; source: Wikimedia Commons

6. Photo of a pressure flaked spear point

produced by Dennis O'Neil

7. Drawing of a burin

produced by Dennis O'Neil

8. Photo of an Ornamentally carved spear shaft straightener made of bone

reproduced with permission granted under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license; source: Wikimedia Commons

9. Photo of a bone sewing needles

reproduced with permission of Didier Descouens granted under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license; source: Wikimedia Commons

10. Photo of bone harpoon tips with barbs

reproduced with permission under terms of the CeCILL license; source: Wikimedia Commons

11. Photo of the Venus of Willendorf

from an unknown source   (see note)

12. Photo of the Venus of Lespugue

produced by Dennis O'Neil

13.   Photo of the Venus of Laussel

from an unknown source   (see note)

14. Photo of an ivory hybrid carving of a man's body with a lion's head

public domain (photo copied from Wikipedia)

15. Photo of a Carved bone (late Magdalenian Tool Tradition)

reproduced with permission under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license; source: Wikimedia Commons

16.    Photos of two carved bear teeth

from Marcellin Boule, Fossil Men: Elements of Human Paleontology, 2nd ed. (1923)

17. Photo of art from French cave of Lascaux (horse)

reproduced with permission from Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Canada

18. Photo of art from Spanish cave of Altamira (bull)

reproduced with permission from Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Canada

19. Photo of art from French cave of Lascaux (deer)

reproduced with permission from Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Canada

20. Photo of human representations in the cave of Lascaux

reproduced with permission from N. Aujoulat, CNP, Ministère de la Culture, France

21. Photo of a bone flute

reproduced with permission of José-Manuel Benito Álvarez granted under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic license; source: Wikimedia Commons

22. photo of a wood bull-roarer with the loop of string for swinging in a circular motion

produced by Dennis O'Neil

23. Sound recording of a bull-roarer

produced by Dennis O'Neil

24. Photo of an antler bone plaque incised with possible Cro-Magnon lunar calendar from Southwestern France

from an unknown source--modified and enhanced by Dennis O'Neil   (see note)

Glossary of Terms:   (illustrations already referenced above are not listed)

1.   Drawing of a blade flake

produced by Dennis O'Neil

2. Photo of a Homo erectus skull

produced by Dennis O'Neil

3. Photo of a Homo habilis skull

produced by Dennis O'Neil

4. Photo of a modern Homo sapiens skull

produced by Dennis O'Neil

Tables:

1.   Table of hominid biological and cultural evolution

produced by Dennis O'Neil

Return to Last Page

1.	Two photos of people from around the world and two photos of apes
	reproduced with permission from Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Canada

1.	Photo of a reconstruction of an adult male Homo heidelbergensis
	reproduced with permission under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 2.0. Photo produced by Jose Luis Martinez Alvarez. Source of photo Wikipedia.
2.	Family tree of archaic and modern humans
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
3.	Photo of the side view of a Homo heidelbergensis skull from Petralona Cave, Greece
	reproduced with permission under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License by the Free Software Foundation.
4.	Photo of the excavations in inside Arago Cave, France
	reproduced with permission under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0. Source of photo Wikipedia Commons.

1.	Drawing of Neandertal hunters
	from an unknown source (see note)
2.	Map of likely ultimate geographic range of Neandertals
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
3.	Photo of Johann Karl Fuhlrott
	public domain (image modified by Dennis O'Neil)
4.	Photo of Marcellin Boule
	from Marcellin Boule, Fossil Men: Elements of Human Paleontology, 2nd ed. (1923)
5.	Photo of a diorama of Neandertals in an American Museum during the 1930's reflecting the misconception reinforced by Marcellin Boule's description of them as dull-witted, brutish, ape-like creatures
	reproduced with permission from The Field Museum, Chicago, Illinois (The Field Museum negative numbers CSA66706, CSA66834, and CSA66700)
6.	Photos of the skull of la Chapelle-aux-Saints Man (front and side views)
	from Marcellin Boule, L'Homme Fossile de la Chapelle-aux-Saints (1911)
7.	Photos of Neandertal and modern human skulls shown next to each other for comparison
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
8.	Photo of a realistic model of a Neandertal man with pale skin and red hair (reconstruction based on a skull from La Ferrassie, France)
	reproduced under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 3.0 License (Wikipedia) (photo by V. Mourre)
9.	Graph Comparison of the development of bipedalism and the later increased brain size in hominid evolution over the last 5 million years
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
10.	Photo of the reconstruction of the Gibraltar 2 Neandertal child based on skeletal material found at Devil's Tower
	public domain (source of photo: Wikipedia)

1.	Table showing the time frame of evolution for the different human species, tool making traditions, and stages of the Paleolithic
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
2.	Photo of a diorama showing a Neandertal man using percussion flaking to shape a Mousterian hand ax
	reproduced with permission under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License by the Free Software Foundation. Photo was made in the Neanderthal-museum, by Thomas Ihle (18 July 2004).
3.	Drawing of the Levallois flake making technique
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
4.	Photo of a Mousterian Tradition flake scraper
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
5.	Photo of a Mousterian Tradition spear point
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
6.	Drawing of a Mousterian hand ax
	from Sir John Lubbock, Prehistoric Times, 6th ed. (1904)
7.	Drawing of a Mousterian Tradition awl
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
8.	Drawing of the major speech centers in the brain
	reproduced with permission from Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Canada (enhanced by Dennis O'Neil)
9.	Drawing of a reconstruction of a possible dwelling at Terra Amata, France
	from an unknown source (see note)

1.	Photo of Neandertal and modern human skulls shown together for comparison with differences in foreheads, brow ridges, and chins highlighted
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
2.	Drawing of the replacement and continuity models
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
3.	Homo sapiens Versus Neandertals--video clip from Teachers' Domain (copyright 2007 WGBH Educational Foundation)
	reproduced with permission from Teachers' Domain
4.	Svante Paabo: DNA Clues to Our Inner Neandertal--video clip from TED talk (July 2011)
	produced by TED Conferences, LLC

1.	Drawing of a spear thrower
	from Edward B. Tylor, Anthropology: An Introduction to the Study of Man and Civilization (1904) (enhanced by Dennis O'Neil)
2.	Photos of European Upper Paleolithic tools made from blade flakes
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
3.	Drawing of punch flaking
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
4.	Photo of blade flakes and the "spent" core from which they came
	reproduced with permission granted under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2; source: Wikimedia Commons
5.	Drawing of the pressure flaking technique
	public domain in the United States; source: Wikimedia Commons
6.	Photo of a pressure flaked spear point
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
7.	Drawing of a burin
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
8.	Photo of an Ornamentally carved spear shaft straightener made of bone
	reproduced with permission granted under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license; source: Wikimedia Commons
9.	Photo of a bone sewing needles
	reproduced with permission of Didier Descouens granted under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license; source: Wikimedia Commons
10.	Photo of bone harpoon tips with barbs
	reproduced with permission under terms of the CeCILL license; source: Wikimedia Commons
11.	Photo of the Venus of Willendorf
	from an unknown source (see note)
12.	Photo of the Venus of Lespugue
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
13.	Photo of the Venus of Laussel
	from an unknown source (see note)
14.	Photo of an ivory hybrid carving of a man's body with a lion's head
	public domain (photo copied from Wikipedia)
15.	Photo of a Carved bone (late Magdalenian Tool Tradition)
	reproduced with permission under terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license; source: Wikimedia Commons
16.	Photos of two carved bear teeth
	from Marcellin Boule, Fossil Men: Elements of Human Paleontology, 2nd ed. (1923)
17.	Photo of art from French cave of Lascaux (horse)
	reproduced with permission from Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Canada
18.	Photo of art from Spanish cave of Altamira (bull)
	reproduced with permission from Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Canada
19.	Photo of art from French cave of Lascaux (deer)
	reproduced with permission from Corel Corporation, Ottawa, Canada
20.	Photo of human representations in the cave of Lascaux
	reproduced with permission from N. Aujoulat, CNP, Ministère de la Culture, France
21.	Photo of a bone flute
	reproduced with permission of José-Manuel Benito Álvarez granted under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Generic license; source: Wikimedia Commons
22.	photo of a wood bull-roarer with the loop of string for swinging in a circular motion
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
23.	Sound recording of a bull-roarer
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
24.	Photo of an antler bone plaque incised with possible Cro-Magnon lunar calendar from Southwestern France
	from an unknown source--modified and enhanced by Dennis O'Neil (see note)

1.	Drawing of a blade flake
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
2.	Photo of a Homo erectus skull
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
3.	Photo of a Homo habilis skull
	produced by Dennis O'Neil
4.	Photo of a modern Homo sapiens skull
	produced by Dennis O'Neil

1.	Table of hominid biological and cultural evolution
	produced by Dennis O'Neil