| 1. |
_______________ is the complex of mental characteristics that makes each of us unique from other people.
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a)
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heredity
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b)
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emotional tone
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c)
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personality
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| 2. |
Our personalities developed as a result of ______________________ .
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a)
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genetic inheritance
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b)
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environmental influences
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c)
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both of the above
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| 3. |
Which of the following things can have an effect on the development of an individual's personality?
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a)
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physical and mental capabilities
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b)
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health and physical appearance
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c)
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skin color, gender, and sexual orientation
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d)
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all of the above
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| 4. |
In China, children are usually taught to __________________________ .
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a)
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think and act independently of other family members
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b)
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be self-reliant rather than dependent on other family members
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c)
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think and act as a member of their family and to suppress their own wishes when they are in conflict with the needs of the family
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d)
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a and b
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e)
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none of the above
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| 5. |
Outside of the Western World, ___________________________________ .
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a)
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boys are socialized essentially the same as girls
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b)
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girls are rarely encouraged to learn how to do domestic chores
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c)
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children who do not follow traditional gender patterns in play and other activities are rarely labeled as marginal or deviant
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d)
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none of the above
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| 6. |
Which of the following statements is true?
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a)
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Ruth Benedict argued that national personality types do not exist.
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b)
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We often share personality traits with others, especially members of our own family and community.
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c)
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The term modal personality refers to the personality traits shared by all members of a society.
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d)
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b and c
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| 7. |
Largely as a result of fieldwork in the South Pacific, Margaret Mead came to the conclusion that ________________________ .
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a)
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masculine and feminine personality traits are genetically inherited
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b)
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culture, rather than genetic inheritance, makes women nurturing towards children and passive in response to men
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c)
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Samoan culture is puritanical in that it rigidly segregates boys and girls as they are growing up and forbids them to talk about sex.
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d)
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b and c
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| 8. |
The most common personality type within a society is ________________ .
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a)
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a tradition-oriented personality
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b)
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an inner-directed personality type
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c)
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the modal personality
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| 9. |
David Riesman proposed that there are three common types of modal personality. Which of the following is one of them?
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a)
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a Christian personality
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b)
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an indigenous personality
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c)
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a cosmopolitan personality
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d)
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none of the above
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| 10. |
An individual's actions are most likely to be strongly controlled by conscience if they have a(n) __________________ type of personality?
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a)
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inner-directed personality
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b)
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other-directed personality
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c)
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neither of the above
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| 11. |
Advocates of David Riesman's concept of modal personalities suggest that the tradition-oriented personality is most common in _________________ societies.
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a)
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small-scale
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b)
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culturally diverse large-scale
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c)
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all types of societies
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d)
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no types of societies
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| 12. |
Which of the following statements is true concerning personality?
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a)
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People have either a tradition-oriented, inner-directed, or other-directed personality--no one has a combination of traits of these different modal personalities.
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b)
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Other-directed personalities are likely to be common in culturally diverse large-scale societies.
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c)
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neither of the above statements is true
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